摘要已有研究表明，自我控制等其他意志活动都消耗着个体内部的有限资源，在压抑内部冲突矛盾的过程中，个体陷入自我损耗状态，且处于自我损耗状态下的个体的利他行为明显减少。而前人研究发现，积极的情绪等有限资源可以缓解自我损耗。87990

本研究采用实验法，选取120名年龄在18-22岁的在校大学生作为被试，以被试自我损耗程度和情绪启动方式为自变量；以被试的利他行为水平为因变量。其中，以STROOP任务作为自我损耗材料，将被试分为高损耗组和零损耗；以持续观看6分钟情绪图片为情绪启动方式，将高损耗组中的被试分为积极情绪启动组、中性情绪启动组和消极情绪启动组（图片材料已被证实适用于国人且情绪启动效应显著）；以被试在独裁者实验中分配给他人的代币数量为被试利他行为水平测量标准，分配给他人的数额越高，利他倾向越大。本实验旨在验证自我损耗对利他行为的不利影响并探讨积极的情绪体验对自我损耗的缓解作用。

研究结果表明，(1)积极情绪启动组与零损耗组的被试利他行为水平无显著差异（p=0。58>0。05）;(2)积极情绪启动组与零损耗组被试的利他行为水平均显著高于中性情绪启动组（p=0。02<0。05，p=0。005<0。01）;(3)积极情绪启动组与零损耗组被试的利他行为水平也同样显著高于消极情绪启动组（p=0。000<0。01，p=0。000<0。01）;(4)中性情绪启动组与消极情绪启动组被试的利他行为水平没有显著差异（p=0。21>0。05）。即四组被试的利他行为水平显著情况为：零损耗组（无情绪启动组）≈积极情绪启动组>中性情绪启动组≈消极情绪启动组。

因此本研究得出以下结论：（1）自我损耗状态下的个体的利他行为显著减少；（2）积极情绪可以缓解自我损耗并促进个体利他倾向。

毕业论文关键词：情绪； 自我损耗； 利他行为；自我控制资源

Abstract Previous studies have shown that self-control and other volitional activities will consume the inpidual internal limited resources。 In the process of depressing internal conflict, inpidual will be caught in ego-depletion, then ego-depletion participants decrease altruistic behavior significantly。 While previous studies have found that positive emotion such as limited resources can ease ego-depletion。

This study adopts experimental method, then selects 120 college students aged 18 to 22 years old as subjects, chooses participants’ ego-depletion degree and starting mode of emotion as the independent variable; chooses participants’ altruistic behavior level as the dependent variable。 Choose Stroop task as the material of ego-depletion, subjects were pided into high ego-depletion group and no ego-depletion; choosing continual watching 6 minutes mood pictures as starting mode, subjects were pided into positive emotion starting group, neutral emotion starting group and negative emotion starting grope (image materials have been confirmed that it is apply to Chinese people and the emotion priming effect is significant);Choose the participants’ number of tokens assigned to others in the dictator game as the altruistic behavior level measurement standard, they are positive correlation that higher the amount of tokens be assigned to others, greater the altruistic tendency。 Our study is aimed at verifying the negative influence of ego-depletion on altruistic behavior。 And we also discuss if the positive emotion can counteract ego depletion or not。 

The research results show that (1) The altruistic behavior level of the subjects of positive emotion starting and zero ego-depletion group are no significant difference, p = 0。58 > 0。05;(2) The altruistic behavior level of the subjects of positive emotion starting grope and zero ego-depletion group are significantly higher than neutral emotion starting group, p = 0。02 < 0。05, p = 0。005 < 0。01;(3) The altruistic behavior level of the subjects of positive emotion starting grope and zero ego-depletion group are also significantly higher than negative emotion starting group, p = 0。000 < 0。01, p = 0。000 < 0。01;(4) The altruistic behavior level of the subjects of neutral emotion starting and negative emotion starting group are no significant difference, p = 0。21 > 0。05。 The significant situation of altruistic behavior level of four groups is: the zero ego-depletion group (no emotion starting group) ≈ positive emotion starting group > neutral emotion starting group ≈ negative emotion starting group。