摘要：目的：近年，驾驶员的风险决策日益受到各部门的高度重视，研究表明驾驶年龄和性别是影响驾驶决策的重要因素。然而，以往研究的年龄设置过于宽泛，导致对两年以内驾龄的新手司机特别是女性司机的风险决策机制尚不明了。方法：为此，本研究采用爱荷华赌博任务对38名不同性别、驾龄在10年以上的老司机和驾龄在两年以内的新手司机的风险决策进行研究。结果显示：①驾龄在10年以上（M=55。091）的女驾驶员与驾龄在2年以内的新手女性（M=45。455）选择有利纸牌的次数存在显著性差异（F=4。722，p=0。037＜0。05）；②在第五区组中，男性驾驶员的区组得分（M=3。38）显著高于（F=8。838，p=0。03＜0。05）女性（M=-3。64），即最后20次选牌中男性驾驶员更倾向于选择有利纸牌。结论：①随着驾龄增长，女性新手司机在驾驶过程中规避风险的能力逐渐增强；②男性驾驶员风险决策水平一直保持稳定，可能是其操作能力较强的缘故；但是与男性相比，女性驾驶员对风险决策的持续时间较为敏感。91626

毕业论文关键词：驾驶年龄，性别差异，爱荷华赌博任务，驾驶决策，风险决策

Abstract: Objective: In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the driver's risk decision making。 The research shows that driving age and gender are the important factors that influence the decision making。 However, previous studies of the age set is too broad, resulting in less than two years of driving experience for novice drivers in particular risk decision-making mechanism of female drivers is unknown。 Methods: To this end, this study used the Iowa gambling task to study 38 students of different sex, age over 10 years old driver and driving within two years of the new drivers risk decision。 Results: The driving experience in more than 10 years (M =55。091) of the female driver and driving experience within 2 years of novice female (M =45。455) there is a significant difference between the number of favorable selection cards (F =4。722, p =0。037);The fifth group, male driver group score (M =3。38) and female (M

=-3。64) had significant difference (F =8。838, p =0。03), which is the last 20 card selection in men are more likely to choose a favorable card。 Conclusion:With the age growth, the ability to avoid the risk of female novice in the driving process gradually increased; The level of risk decision making is always stable, which may be the reason for its strong operating ability, but compared with the male, the female driver is more sensitive to the duration of the risk decision。

Key words: Driving age, Gender difference, Iowa gambling task, Decision-making, Risk decision

目录

1引言 4

1。1研究背景与意义 4

1。2国内外研究现状 5

1。3实验假设与设计 5

2对象与方法 6

2。1对象 6

2。2方法 6

2。3数据统计分析 7

3结果 8

3。1不同性别、驾龄被试有利纸牌选择次数的方差分析 8

3。2不同性别、驾龄被试IGT任务区组得分的方差分析 9

4讨论 11

4。1女性驾驶员的风险决策敏感于驾龄 11

4。2女性驾驶员敏感于风险决策持续时间 11

4。3风险决策的心理机制