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摘要：异丁烷催化脱氢技术是解决异丁烯不足的主要途径之一，是C4综合利用的关键，受到全世界的关注。我国C4资源丰富，而异丁烯是目前我国稀缺资源之一，以异丁烯为资源的精细化工工业发展迅速，需求增长非常快，而异丁烷催化脱氢制异丁烯是解决异丁烯短缺的主要方法之一。目前，国内有很多高等院校正在对异丁烷脱氢催化剂进行实验室的研究，国外有代表性的工艺主要有UOP的移动床Oleflex工艺以及Lummus公司的Catofin固定床工艺。Oleflex工艺采用负载铂金属的氧化铝催化剂，其催化剂连续再生工艺为UOP专有的移动床技术；Catofin工艺采用氧化铬催化剂，工艺中并列多个反应器，催化剂进行切换再生。本设计本着符合国情、技术先进和易得、经济、环保的原则，以催化裂化C4中异丁烷为原料，以Cr2O3/Al2O3为催化剂，采用固定床反应器，并对异丁烷催化脱氢过程进行物料衡算和热量衡算，对部分设备进行了设计与选型，最终得到符合工艺要求的异丁烯产品。
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关键字： 催化脱氢；异丁烯；物料横算；热量横算；设备选型
Dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene process design
Abstract：Isobutane catalytic dehydrogenation technology is one of the main way to solve insufficient isobutylene.It is the key to the C4 comprehensive utilization to be concerned by the all over the word. C4 resources are rich in our country, while isobutylene is currently one of the scarce resources in our country, with isobutylene as resources of fine chemical industry is developing rapidly, demand is growing rapidly, and isobutane catalytic dehydrogenation isobutylene is one of the main ways to solve the shortage of isobutylene. At present, the domestic many institutions of higher learning are for isobutane dehydrogenation catalyst for laboratory research, foreign representative process mainly include: mobile bed Oleflex UOP process and Lummus company Catofin fixed bed process. Oleflex process using load platinum alumina catalyst, the catalyst continuous regeneration process for moving bed of proprietary UOP; Catofin process using chrome oxide catalyst, process with multiple reactor, catalyst regeneration to switch. This design in accord with national conditions, advanced technology and easy, the principle of economy, environmental protection, in catalytic cracking of C4 isobutane as raw material, with Cr2O3/Al2O3 catalyst, using fixed bed reactor, and the catalytic dehydrogenation of isobutane processes for material balance and heat balance, on the part of the equipment design and selection, the resulting isobutylene products subject to the technological requirements.
Key words： catalytic dehydrogenation；isobutylene；material balance；heat balance；equipment selection
目录
1 绪论 1
1.1 项目概况[12] 1
1.2 设计的目的和意义 2
1.3 设计依据 2
1.4 项目背景 2
1.4.1 能源问题 2
1.4.2 混合C4中异丁烷的含量 3
1.4.3 我国异丁烷的现状[11] 3
1.5 国内外有关工艺技术进展 4
1.5.1 国内工艺研究进展[10] 4
1.5.2 国外工艺研究概述[11] 4
1.6 设计的范围、装置组成及建设规模 8
1.6.1 设计的范围 8
1.6.2 设计重点 8
1.6.3 生产和辅助车间设置 8
1.6.3 建设规模 9
2 工艺论证 10
2.1 工艺路线概述 10
2.2 脱氢路线的选择[14] 10
2.3 催化剂的选择[14] 12
3 工艺流程 14
3.1 异丁烷脱氢工艺流程 14