摘要同理心是一种理解和分享他人状态的能力，对儿童的同理心研究一直以来都是心 理学和教育学研究领域的重要研究对象。不同的研究者对同理心含义的界定和测量不 同，衍生了不尽相同的结果。本研究采用了 Janet Strayer 的同理心定义以及他提出 的同理心连续体研究工具来对大班幼儿的同理心特点进行实验研究，探讨不同性别、 不同情感与同理心水平的差异性，以得出大班幼儿的同理心特点。结果如下：88445

1。大班幼儿基本都能正确识别情景故事中人物的情感。对情景故事中人物情感的 识别不存在显著性别差异。

2。在情感维度和同理心连续体的得分上，大班幼儿的同理心都不存在显著的性别 差异；对四种基本情绪情感的自我情感体验不存在显著的性别差异。

3。在情感维度上，幼儿对不同情绪情感的同理心存在显著差异，幼儿对愤怒情感 的同理心显著低于对高兴情感的同理心，对高兴情感的同理心百分比最高，对愤怒情 感的同理心百分比最低。

4。大部分大班幼儿的同理心认知水平分布在第三阶段，由于认知的差异，极少部 分能够达到第四阶段，从关注外在事件的同理心水平到关注人物内部心理状态的同理 心水平。

毕业论文关键词：大班幼儿同理心；同理心连续体；性别差异；情感

Abstract Empathy is a ability of understanding and sharing the state of others, the empathy of children has always been an important research object in the field of psychology and pedagogy research。Different researchers have  different definitions of empathy and measurement methods,and also get different results。Our study used the definition of empathy which is definited by  Janet Strayer and his empathy continuum tool to study senior class of kindergarten children’s empathy,discuss gender characteristics of children's empathy,and whether children’s empathy are different for different emotion。The  results showed:

1。 Most senior class of kindergarten children can correctly identify the characters’emotions in the test story。There is no grade differences  in identification of the characters’ emotions。

2。 In the emotion dimension and Empathy Continuum scores,the children's empathy  are   no  significant gender differences。On 4  kind  of  basic emotional self experience there is no significant gender   differences。

3。 In the emotional dimension, there is a significant  difference  in  the empathy of the children with different emotional emotions。 The empathy of the child's feelings of anger is significantly lower than that of the happy empathy, the highest percentage of empathy for happy, and the lowest percentage  of empathy for anger。

4。 Most of the large class of children's  empathy  level  of  cognition  in the third stage, due to cognitive differences, very few can reach  the  fourth stage,from the attention of external events to the level of empathy to the psychological state of mind within the empathy  level。

Keyword:senior class of kindergarten children’s empathy; empathy continuum; gender differences;emotion

目 录

摘 要 2

一、前言 5

二、研究综述 5

（一）同理心概述 5

1。概念的界定