Zebularine诱发小麦异染色体系染色体变异体的研究
毕业论文关键词：zebularine；染色体变异；诱变；发芽率
Study on chromosome aberrations of wheat alien chromosome lines induced by Zebularine
Abstract: Zebularine, 1- (β-D-ribofuranoside)-1, 2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one is a cytidine analog comprising a 2- (1H) -pyrimidinone ring which is an effective inhibitor that interacts with DNA methyltransferase to form a covalent complex thus reducing the methylation level of whole genome DNA, activating silencing genes and inducing chromosomal variation [1]. In this study, zebularine was extended to induce chromosome aberrations of two wheat landraces and wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum DA4J on the basis of previous studies in order to realize its effect on inducing variation of specific alien chromosomes. The results showed that zebularine could decrease the germination rate of DA4J while increase the germination rate of both wheat landraces Chinese Spring and Huixianhong. Zebularine induced various chromosome aberrations including translocations, deletions or telosomes, ring and dicentric chromosomes involving both wheat chromosomes and 4J. This result indicated that zebularine could induce not only wheat-rye but also wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum translocations, which provides new information for chromosome engineering of wheat.
Key words: zebularine; chromosome variation; mutagenesis; germination rate
目 录
摘要1
关键词1
Abstract1
Key words1
引言1
1材料与方法2
1.1材料 2
1.2方法2
1.3实验设计3
2结果与分析4
2.1发芽率分析4
2.2 GISH/FISH分析5
2.3诱变效应综合分析8
3讨论 8
致谢9
参考文献9
Zebularine诱发小麦异染色体系染色体变异体的研究
引言：在真核生物的体内，染色体是遗传物质DNA的载体。当染色体的数目发生改变时（缺少，增多）或者染色体结构发生改变时，遗传信息就随之改变，其结果是生物体后代性状的改变，这就是染色体变异。它是可遗传变异的一种。根据产生变异的原因，它可以分为结构变异和数目变异两大类。染色体结构变异包含缺失、重复、倒位、易位。数目变异有整倍体变异和非整倍体变异。染色体工程是按设计有目的的削减、添加和代换同种或异种染色体的方法和技术，是转移和利用外源基因的重要途径，其中如何高效方便地诱发染色体变异是植物染色体工程的重要方向。目前诱发染色体变异的因素包括物理因素，化学因素，生物因素等。其中化学诱变在诱发基因突变的实践中具有操作简单、经济有效的特点，得到了广泛的应用。
Zebularine化学名称为1-(β-D-呋喃核糖苷)-1, 2-二氢嘧啶-2-酮，分子式：C9H12N2O5，Zebularine是一种有效的DNA甲基转移酶和胞嘧啶脱氨酶抑制剂[2]。是一种胞苷类似物，具有半衰期长、稳定性好的特点[1]。与同类药物的氮杂胞苷和杂氮-2-脱氧胞苷相比，zebularine在抗肿瘤方面表现出了显著的优势，如zebularine具有低毒性和与对肿瘤细胞高度选择性，因此对该药的深入研究具有更好的临床意义[3]。Dote等[4]研究发现，zebularine能够增加三种人肿瘤细胞系MiaPaCa(人胰腺癌细胞）、DU145（人前列1腺
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