摘要作为中小学课程的重要组成之一，教科书在某个层面上较真实地反映了课程的设计理念。 本文选取了美国教科书，与我国人教版教科书，以“数与代数”领域教学内容为例，采用了 比较法、内容分析法、文献法等方法，从多个层面，对教科书有关内容进行比较分析。研究 表明：88235

中美两国教科书虽然有较大差异，但是，在初中数学教学领域亦存在多方面的相似之处。 首先，在《标准》中，可以发现两国的制定理念、内容的划分和编排、数学思想渗透都

不同。在制定理念上，中国将教学目标定位于双基，而美国的教学目标重点是问题解决。在 内容的划分和编排上，中国将数学内容分为四部分，再以学科知识体系进行编排，美国的教 科书直接将内容细化，并且每部分是并列的，贯穿于整个基础教育中。美国数学教学偏向于 问题解决，在数学思想的渗透上，不如中国。

其次，中美教材在编写方面是相似的，但是在知识内容的呈现方式，练习题设计等存在 差异。在编写上，两国都以图文并茂的形式呈现。中国虽有自主活动探究环节，但多以讲授 知识为主，然而美国教科书中的大部分内容以活动的方式呈现。在习题设计方面，美国的习 题数量和情境设计上都胜过中国教科书。

Abstract As one of the important components of the primary and middle school curriculum, the textbook reflects the curriculum design idea on a certain level。 This paper selects the American textbooks, and Chinese textbook, with "teaching algebraic number" field as an example, using the comparative method, content analysis method, literature method, from various aspects, to compare and analyze the relevant contents of textbooks。 Research shows：

Although there are great differences between Chinese and American textbooks, there are many similarities in mathematics teaching in junior high school。

First of all, in the "curriculum standards", we can find that the concept of the two countries, the content of the pision and layout, mathematical ideas are different。 In the formulation of the concept, China will be targeted in the teaching of double base, while the focus of teaching objectives in the United States is to solve the problem。 In the classification and arrangement of contents on the Chinese mathematical content is pided into four parts, with the system of subject knowledge arrangement, American textbooks directly to the content refinement, and each part is tied, throughout the basic education。 Mathematics teaching in the United States tends to solve problems, not in the infiltration of mathematical thinking。

Secondly, the Chinese and American textbooks are similar in writing, but there are differences in the presentation of knowledge content and the design of  exercises。 In writing, the two countries are presented in the form of illustrations。 Although there are independent activities in China, many of them focus on teaching knowledge, but most of the textbooks in the United States are presented in an active way。 In the design of exercises, the number of exercises in the United States and the situation is better than the design of Chinese textbooks。

毕业论文关键词：中国； 美国； 初中教材； 数与代数

Key words: China； the United States； junior high school textbooks； numbers and algebra

目 录

1 引 言 5

1。1 研究源-于,优W尔Y论L文.网wwW.youeRw.com 原文+QQ75201,8766背景 5

1。1。1 研究意义