2.3 工作绩效理论综述
一家企业的可持续发展离不开整个企业所有员工的共同努力,离不开员工的工作绩效。员工有了高工作绩效,企业就能够获得更多的效益,企业的发展也会更加持久。当然,拥有良好的工作绩效,不光是对企业本身、企业的员工也会获得更多的酬劳。工作绩效高的企业能够蒸蒸日上,员工也在这一过程中获得晋升、培训的机会以及获得更多的薪金。国内外有许多学者研究了工作绩效,基于此,以下将介绍工作绩效的理论。
1 工作绩效的定义
许多学者通过研究工作绩效得出了各自不同的观点。Sloma(1980)把绩效定义为组织达成的目标程度;Benndin等人(1984)将绩效定义为在特定的时间内,由特定的工作职能或活动产生的产出记录。Brurnbrach(1988)认为绩效是指行为和结果。从事工作的个体表现出行为,将工作任务加以实施;Morhman(1989)认为绩效包括在一定条件下取得某种结果而才取行动的执行者;Campbell、Mccloy、Oppler与Sager(1993)所提出的工作绩效理论则将工作绩效定义为员工所控制的与组织目标有关的行为;乐国玲(2004)把绩效定义为一套与组织或个人体现工作组织单位的目标相关的行为。通过学者们长期的从不同方面对工作绩效进行定义,把工作绩效定义为岗位说明书规定的职责范围内对任务的完成情况。
2 工作绩效的划分
Borman和Motowidlo(1993)提出了绩效的二维结构,把工作绩效分成了任务绩效和关系绩效两个维度。
任务绩效是指与具体职务的工作内容密切相关的,同时也是和个体能力、任务熟练程度和工作知识密切相关的绩效。
周边绩效是指员工自愿帮助同事,用友善的方式来对待同事,与同事保持良好的关系,通过对工作所在的组织和心里背景的支持,间接为组织目标做出贡献的行为。
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