2。 Literature Review

2。1 The definition of rhetorical features

     Rhetoric (figure of speech; rhetoric) is, diction or decoration diction。 In the Chinese, “Xiu” is the meaning of modification, and “Ci” of the words of debate。 The original meaning of rhetoric feature is to modify the speech, that is, a language activity which uses a variety of means to obtain the best expression of the original text in the use of language。 （Cui 32) Poetic rhetoric is noticeable and is a verbal activity with voluntary attention; Poetic rhetoric is communicative and is a verbal activity for communication; Poetic rhetoric is public, and is a verbal activity used for public affairs and emotions。 (Xie 2) The poetic rhetoric has three significances: it can create new rhetorical personality; it can shoot rhetorical goals by creating new space of meaning; it can create a new context along the existing context。 (Xie 17)

      There are sixty-three categories and seventy-eight small class known rhetorical features。 We commonly use these rhetorical features which include metaphor, personification, metonymy, hyperbole, pun, shift, dual, and parallelism etc。。

2。2 Researches on the poem

     I found no more than 10 essays which have the similar theme related to the poem Qiang Jin Jiu from the Cnki。net, the Wanfang database, and the VIP Chinese periodical resources net。 They are Comparing the Three Versions of “Qiang Jin Jiu” on “Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance”, An Analysis of Three English Versions of “Qiang Jin Jiu” from the Perspective of Experiential functions, Translation Criteria from Two Translations of “Qiang Jin Jiu”, A Comparative Study of the Three Beauties in Li Bai 's Translation of “Qiang Jin Jiu”, etc。。

     They analyzed it on the basis of the functional theories, experiential function theories, Xu Yuanchong’s “Three Beauties” theory and the three standards of “Faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance”。 They compared different versions’ sound, meaning, and form。 The one who wrote about three beauties concluded that the goal of translation is to make the perfect match between the original poem and the translation。 The one who studied the beauty of poetic translation concluded that when translators translate Chinese poetry into English version, they can not just be satisfied with faithfulness, but also to take over cultural barriers caused by time and space, and   reproduce the original cultural spirit and beauty in the target language。 I chose to write about the rhetorical features of this poem because few people had done researches on this area and I hope to find more details about the rhetoric in poem translation and some translation strategies specially on these figures of speech。 

3。 Figures of speech in the poem源F于K优B尔C论V文N网WwW.youeRw.com 原文+QQ752^018766

     Li Bai used a large number of rhetorical features, such as inspiration, metaphor, contrast, hyperbole, ask, metonymy, allusion, dual, parallelism, and call in this poem to  represent this poem and express the author's emotional very vividly, from sorrow to joy, and from anger to mad。 The author flexibly used hyperbole to describe a lot of scenes and expressed his uninhibited feelings in the poem, including his feelings on the Yellow River and the pass of time at the beginning of the poem, as well as the description of the number in the poem。 Meanwhile, the poet also used inspiration and parallelism at the beginning of the poem, described one scene to express other feelings and set the emotional tone for the whole poem, and through the way of parallelism, he mobilized the atmosphere and rhythm of the whole poem。 The poet also used the way of metaphor which is one of the most common rhetorical features used in poetry, but specially in this poem, its greatest feature is the use of three kinds of metaphor, namely simile, metaphor and metonymy。 The poet showed his respect and sympathy to Cao Zhi by using the method of allusion。 In the middle of the poem, the poet used the form of duality and calling to persuade friends to drink the wine。 At this time, the poet expressed the feeling of joy。 The feelings in the whole poem were constantly changing, and reflected the inner tangence of Li Bai。 He expressed his feelings of indignation and his inner thoughts by writing about drinking。 Basically, this thesis chose three rhetorical features in this poem, that is, metaphor, hyperbole and parallelism to carry out my specific research on poetry translation。