摘要目的通过分析噪声作业人员的健康体检指标,探索噪声作业人员听力损伤的主要危险因 素,从健康管理角度,为噪声作业人员听力防护提供建议。方法 以 2011-2014 年在杭州市 职业病防治院进行职业健康体检的 2837 名杭州市噪声作业人员为研究对象,体检资料由职 防院提供,主要观察的指标有听力、血压、红细胞、血红蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、血小板、年龄、 性别、暴露年限及平均血红蛋白。主要统计方法包括 t 检验、卡方检验、Spearman 相关和 二元 Logistic 回归分析。结果 (1)单因素分析结果: ①2011-2014 年,接噪工人听力损 伤率为 45。4%、51。1%、50。3%、48。5%,4 年间的异常情况差异有统计学意义(P<0。05);② 不同性别的接噪工人听力异常情况差异有统计学意义(p<0。05),且听力异常率男性高于女 性;③不同年龄的接噪工人听力异常情况差异有统计学意义(p<0。05),且随着年龄的增加 而增加;④不同暴露年限的接噪工人听力异常情况差异均有统计学意义(P<0。05),且异常 率随着暴露年限的增加呈波动上升趋势。(2)Spearman 相关分析结果:①2011-2014 年,接 噪工人的听力损伤情况与舒张压和收缩压均具有相关性并呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义(r=0。041-0。097,P <0。05);②其他指标:听力损伤与血红蛋白指标、细胞指标、血小板指标、 谷丙转氨酶指标和平均血红蛋白在各年均不具有相关性(P>0。05)。(3)二元 Logistic 回 归分析结果显示性别、年龄和暴露年限是危险因素:①2013、2014 年,暴露 16-20 年的接 噪工人患听力损伤的风险比较高(OR2013 =1。362,P<0。05; OR2014=1。057,P<0。05);②年 龄:≥41 岁、 36-40 岁的接噪工人患听力损伤的风险比较高(36-40 岁:OR2011 =3。083,P
<0。05;OR2012=1。586,P <0。05;OR2013 =2。437,P<0。05/≥41 岁:OR2011 =4。416,P<0。05;
OR2012=2。726,P<0。05;OR2013 =3。629,P<0。05)。③性别:男性接噪工人患听力损伤的风险 比女性接噪工人高(OR2011 =2。013,P<0。05;OR2012=1。306,P<0。05;OR2013 =1。420,P<0。05;源Q于D优G尔X论V文Y网wwW.yOueRw.com 原文+QQ75201`8766
OR2014=1。437,P<0。05;)。 结论 性别、年龄和暴露年限是噪声作业工人听力损伤的危险 因素。88632
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical examination index of workers expoused to noise, and explore the main risk factors of hearing loss in noise workers, and to provide suggestions for the protection of workers expoused to noise。 Methods Total of 2837 workers exposed of noise in Hangzhou。 The physical examination data were provided by the hospital for occupational disease control and prevention 。The main indexes included hearing, blood pressure, red blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets , alanine aminotransferase and mean hemoglobin。 Use the frequency, constituent ratio, mean and standard deviation to carry on description; Use chi-square test, independent samples T-test to carry on comparison; Use Logistic regression analysis to carry on multiple factors analysis。 Result (1)Single factor
analysis results shows:①2011-2014 years, workers exposed to noise in hearing loss
rate was 45。4%, 51。1%, 50。3%, 48。5%, the differences between the abnormal rate is statistically significant (P < 0。05); ② There were significant differences in hearing abnormalities among the workers with different genders P < 0。05), and the rate of
abnormal hearing was higher in males than in females; ③ Different ages of workers