原花青素在杂草稻和栽培稻颖果发育过程中的积累
毕业论文关键词：杂草稻；颖果；原花青素
Proanthocyanidins accumulation with the development of weedy rice and cultivated rice’s Cayopsis
Abstract：Weedy rice has been seriously damaged in the world. Proanthocyanidins is one of the important differences between the weedy rice and cultivated rice. In this paper, through the observation of caryopsis of weedy rice WRL-162 and cultivated rice Nipponbare at different developmental stages, in order to understand the situation of gradual accumulation of proanthocyanidins in caryopsis. We found that the two caryopsis in early developmental stages showed green; in the process of maturation of Nipponbare caryopsis into yellow and white, while the WRL-162 caryopsis was transformed into red. The proanthocyanidins specific dye staining found that the proanthocyanidins in the weedy rice WRL-162 caryopsis began to accumulate about two weeks after heading, but not in cultivated rice. Using routine paraffin sections of weedy rice WRL-162 and Nipponbare caryopsis at different developmental stages, and comparing anatomical structure, the results showed that the proanthocyanidins in 162 caryopsis first appeared in the peel, and deposited with the development of caryopsis, but not in cultivated rice.
Key words: weedy rice；caryopsis；proanthocyanidins
目 录
摘要2
关键词2
Abstract2
Key words2
引言2
1 材料与方法3
1.1 实验材料3
1.1.1 选取最适浓度DMACA3
1.1.2 颖果形态及颜色的观察3
1.1.3 颖果显微结构的观察3
1.2 实验方法3
1.2.1 选取最适浓度DMACA3
1.2.2 颖果形态及颜色的观察实验方法4
1.2.2.1 成熟杂草稻及栽培稻颖果的观察4
1.2.2.2 成熟杂草稻及栽培稻种子萌发三天后的观察4
1.2.2.3 杂草稻及栽培稻抽穗后不同发育阶段的颖果观察4
1.2.3 颖果显微结构的观察4
1.2.3.1 固定液配置4
1.2.3.2 制作切片及观察4
2 结果与分析5
2.1 DMACA溶液最适浓度的选定5
2.2 不同发育时期颖果形态及颜色的变化观察与分析6
2.2.1 成熟杂草稻和栽培稻颖果及横截面的观察及分析6
2.2.2 萌发三天后的成熟杂草稻和栽培稻种子的观察及分析7
2.2.3 杂草稻及栽培稻抽穗后不同发育阶段的颖果观察及分析8
2.3 颖果石蜡切片的显微结构观察与分析10
3 讨论11
致谢12
参考文献12
原花青素在杂草稻和栽培稻颖果发育过程中的积累杂草稻具有杂草特性，其外部形态和水稻极为相似，但在田间具有更旺盛的生长能力。杂草稻比栽培稻早发芽、早分蘖、早抽穗、早成熟，异类型多，抗逆性强，与栽培稻争夺阳光、水分和养分从而严重影响水稻的生产，并且对稻米的品质及商品价值也有很大的影响[1]，杂草稻目前已经成为温带地区一些水稻种植国家最普遍的杂草类型[2]。
杂草稻有丰富的形态特征、多样的类型。吴川等根据包括营养生长期以及生殖生长期等在内的23个性状指标，将辽宁和江苏2省14个市29个样点的杂草稻进行了分类，分成6大类群[3]。有研究人员通过对江苏省13个市、28个县（区）、280个样点的杂草稻进行调查后发现，江苏省的杂草稻普遍有一个显著特征，即颖果均呈现为为红色[2]。有研究指出控制杂草稻颖果红色基因与种子落粒性、休眠性基因紧密连锁[4]。此外有研究表明使颖果呈现红色的原因是由于含有原花青素（Proanthocyanidins，PA）[5]，但关于原花青素在杂草稻的红色颖果中原花青素的积累过程尚缺乏系统研究。