复合菌肥在黄瓜上施肥方法研究
关键词：黄瓜；复合菌肥；施肥方法；生理生化指标
Study on Application Methods of Compound Microbial Fertilizer on Cucumber
Abstract: The effect of compound microbial fertilizer on the growth and physiological-biochemical indexes of cucumber seedlings was studied by foliar spraying, root pouring and fermentation of straw stover. The result indicated that the influence of the complex bacterium on the growth and physiological-biochemical indexes of cucumber seedlings was obvious by different fertilizer application methods. Foliar spraying, root pouring and fermentation of straw stover increased remarkably, plant height, leaf area, root activity as well as content of chlorophyll. The promotion effect of compound microbial fertilizer was obvious by foliar spraying, with 58.14%、60.00%、56.18%、60.26% increase compared with the overall control. Different fertilizer application methods increased the activities of POD and SOD. The promotion effect of compound microbial fertilizer was obvious by foliar spraying, with 227.69%, 292.28% increase compared with the overall control. Considering the growth and physiological-biochemical indexes of cucumber seedlings, the applying methods of compound microbial fertilizer on cucumber was foliar spraying method, which increased the growth of cucumber greatly.
Key words: Cucumber; Compound microbial fertilizer; Fertilizer application method; Physiological and biochemical indice
目 录
摘 要 1
Abstract. 1
1 材料和方法 2
1.1 材料 2
1.2 试验设计 3
1.3 仪器和设备 3
1.4 黄瓜幼苗生长及生理生化指标的测定 3
1.4.1 黄瓜生长指标的测定 4
1.4.2 黄瓜幼苗生理生化指标的测定 4
2 结果与分析 7
2.1 复合菌肥对黄瓜种子出芽率的影响 7
2.2 复合菌肥不同施用方法对黄瓜幼苗生长指标的影响 7
2.3 复合菌肥不同施肥方法对黄瓜幼苗生理生化指标的影响 7
2.3.1 复合菌肥不同施肥方法对黄瓜幼苗根系活力的影响 7
2.3.2 复合菌肥不同施肥方法对黄瓜幼苗叶绿素含量的影响 8
2.3.3 复合菌肥不同施肥方法对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化酶系统的影响 9
3 讨论 10
4 结论 11
参考文献 12
致谢 13
复合菌肥在黄瓜上施肥方法的研究
引言
近年来塑料大棚黄瓜栽培迅速发展，黄瓜的连作、化肥的连年施用对土壤及黄瓜产生的负面效应越加明显，土壤肥效逐年下降，黄瓜品质变劣，病虫害加重，土壤理化性状及微生物区系受到不同程度的破坏，生态环境受到污染。随着现代农业的发展，微生物肥料在农业生产中逐渐起到愈来愈重要的作用。以前的研究结果表明，施用一定浓度的微生物菌肥有利于黄瓜幼苗的生长，株高、茎粗、叶面积显著增高，在提高作物产量和改善作物品质方面，生物活性有机肥优于传统化肥，优于灭菌生物有机肥等[1-3]；近年来，对微生物菌肥的施用方法也有一些研究，不同施肥方法对作物产量提高程度不同[4-5]，通过采用农业废弃物发酵CO2施肥在大棚草莓上进行田间试验，结果表明发酵残渣接种功能微生物菌剂能提高番茄产量和品质；在草莓的盆栽试验中，采用发酵残渣接种功能微生物菌剂对大棚连作土壤有改良作用[9-11]。另有研究表明，叶面喷施肥料能有效补充营养，是农作物增产、增收和增效的重要技术措施[12-14]。微生物肥料由一种或数种有益微生物细菌经发酵而成的无毒害无污染的生物性肥料，由于其含有有益微生物菌群、活性酶、有机质及多种微量元素，因此，能改良土壤、增加产量、提高品质。秸秆发酵法则利用农业废弃物产生有机肥料，此法既能提高肥效,又可达到无害化要求[6-8]。施用方法上，以往研究多采用粉剂的方法，存在需菌量大，土壤改良效果差等问题，造成资源浪费。本实验将复合菌剂作为菌肥，采用浇灌法、叶面喷湿法、清水发酵秸秆法、菌液发酵秸秆法处理黄瓜幼苗，研究复合菌肥不同施肥方法对黄瓜幼苗生长及生理生化指标的影响，以期为高效利用微生物资源，提高生产效益，并为复合菌肥的研制及应用提供理论依据。
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