摘要：目前真正有关玛卡生物碱的提取和分离的研究比较少，本课题的研究目的是对玛卡中生物碱的提取过程与分离纯化的优化进行了一系列的实验研究。首先利用正交实验设计探讨了玛卡中生物碱类化合物提取的最佳工艺，然后通过极差对这些因素进行了简单的分析，确定了最佳提取条件为料液比1:10，乙醇浓度80%，水浴温度65℃，在此条件下玛卡中生物碱类化合物提取效果最好。然后通过薄层层析鉴别玛卡生物碱在硅胶薄层板上用溶剂展开体系正己烷：甲醇：氢氧化铵（90：9：1，V/V）展开，使玛卡中生物碱达到了较好的分离效果，这个条件也可用于检测分离纯化效果。高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分离纯化及定量分析建立了玛卡碱的高效液相色谱法（HPLC）定量分析，并利用制备型高效液相色谱对玛卡生物碱进行单体分离,得到了较高纯度的生物碱化合物，为玛卡生物碱的进一步深入研究奠定了基础。71087

毕业论文关键词： 玛卡；生物碱；条件优化；薄层层析；HPLC

Separation of active components from Maca

Abstract: At present, there are few studies on the extraction and separation of maca alkaloids. The purpose of this study is to study a series of experiments on the extraction process of alkaloids and the optimization of separation and purification. The optimum extraction conditions of alkaloid compounds in Maca were discussed by orthogonal design. Then, the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the ratio of material to liquid was 1:10, the concentration of ethanol 80%, water bath temperature 65 ℃, in this condition, the best extraction of alkaloids in Maca. (90: 9: 1, V / V/V) was developed by solvent diffusion system of n-hexane: methanol: Ammonia solution, and the alkaloid in Maca was achieved by thin layer chromatography. Better separation effect, this condition can also be used to detect the separation and purification effect. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the quantitative analysis of mala alkaloids. The monomer was separated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Higher purity alkaloid compounds laid the foundation for further in-depth studies of maca alkaloids.

Keywords: Maca; alkaloid; condition optimization; thin-layer chromatography; HPLC

目  录

1引言 5

1.1 玛卡概述 5

1.2 玛卡的功效 5

1.3 玛卡的作用 6

1.4 玛卡的营养价值 7

1.5 生物碱的特点 7

1.6 生物碱类化合物的功能 8

1.6.1 抗肿瘤作用 8

1.6.2神经系统的应用 9

1.6.3心血管系统的应用 9

1.6.4抗菌作用 9

1.6.5 抗疟作用 9

1.7 玛卡中的生物碱 9

1.8 生物碱的提取方法 10

1.8.1传统提取法 10

1.8.2超声波提取法 10

1.8.3微波萃取 11

1.8.4 酶法 11

1.8.5 半仿生提取法 11

1.9 生物碱的分离和纯化 11

1.9.1 一般方法